HUMANS

DOGS

CATS

Actinomyces sp.

filamentous strict anaerobe

-healthy [Lo Bue et al 1999]

-heavy plaque (1^o organism in heavy plaque)

-root caries; Actinomyces naeslundii

genospecies 1 and 2 consistently associated with root caries in humans [Bowden et al 1999]

NS: 0-0.5% [Harvey and Emily p95]

14-17% [Harvey and Emily p95]

Eikenella corrodens

= facultative anaerobic gram-ve bacillus

-pathogen eg  suppurative lesions of head of neck

-healthy [Heymann and Drezner 1997; Lo Bue et al 1999]

-dental plaque [Heymann and Drezner 1997; Lo Bue et al 1999]

-adult refractory periodontitis [Lo Bue et al 1999]

-pathogen in nonimmunocompromised and immunocompromised hosts eg suppurative lesions of head and neck eg submandibular abscess [Heymann and Drezner 1997]

NS: 0-2.2% [Harvey and Emily pp95-96]

0-17% [Harvey and Emily pp95-96]

HUMANS, DOGS

Prevotella sp.

 -healthy [Lo Bue et al 1999]

Prevotella intermedia

-healthy [Lo Bue et al 1999]

-adult refractory periodontitis [Lo Bue et al 1999]

Prevotella spp.among principal pathogens subgingival flora of dogs

-Prevotella heparinolytica common isolate @dog bites to humans [Talan 1999]

  -Prevotella heparinolytica common isolate @ cat bites to humans [Talan 1999]

Staphylococcus aureus

= aerobe

à angular cheilitis, parotitis,staphylococcal mucositis esp @ elderly, oral Chron’s disease

-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus @ oropharynx humans

?? normal human oral flora ?? [Smith et al 2001]

Staphylococcus  aureus, S. epidermidis, S. intermedius  bacterial flora of oral and nasal fluids of canines [Allaker et al 1992; Bailie et al 1978]

*human pathogen; consider as probable bite wound contaminant [Bailie et al 1978]

-common isolate @ dog bites [Talan et al 1999]

HUMANS, DOGS,  CATS

Bacteroides spp.

-stomatitis types II and II in denture wearers

Porphyromonas gingivalis  main pathogenic micro-organims @ inflammatory sites in healthy human subjects and adult refractory periodontitis human patients along with Bacteroides forsythus [Lo Bue et al 1999]

-Bacteroides spp., Porphyromonas sp. are amongst principal pathogens in subgingival flora of dogs 

-Porphyromonas spp. commonly isolated from dog bites to humans [Talan et al 1999]

-Bacteroides tectum common isolate of dog bites to humans [Talan et al 1999]

black-pigmented bacteroides (Porphyromonas) found in all healthy and diseased cat samples [Harvey and Emily p94]

-Porphyromonas spp. commonly isolated from cat bites to humans [Talan et al 1999]

-Bacteroides tectum common isolate of cat bites to humans [Talan et al 1999]

Fusobacterium spp.

= filamentous anaerobe

F. nucleatum

-healthy [Lo Bue et al 1999]

-major bacteria in dental plaque with associated Streptococcus spp., spirochetes, diphtheroids,  gram –ve cocci, others...

-F nucleatum found @ adult refractory periodontitis [Lo Bue et al 1999]

Fusobacterium spp among principal pathogens dogs’ subgingival flora

F. nucleatum not significant (<3%) [Harvey and Emily pp95-96]

-common human pathogen @ dog bites [Talan et al 1999]

F. nucleatum 29-33% [Harvey and Emily pp95-96]

Peptostreptococcus sp.

-healthy [Lo Bue et al 1999]

-minor in dogs (0-7.3%) [Harvey and Emily pp94-96]

common (0-71%) in feline oral disease [Harvey and Emily pp94-96]

Capnocytophaga canimorsus

= fastidious, slow-growing, gram-ve rod --cat licking an ulcer -> Capnocytophaga canimorsus septicemia

in human patient; alcohol abuse important risk factor for devo of septicemia from C canimorsus [Valtonen et al 1995]

-normal oral flora of dogs and cats [Valtonen et al 1995]

-NS: 0-1.4%

[Harvey and Emily pp95-96]

0-17% [Harvey and Emily pp95-96]

Pasteurella spp.

= aerobes

-cat isolates more likely to be human pathogens eg Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella septica vs other Pasteurella spp; organisms

0.5-8.3% [Harvey and Emily p96]

-Iij, EF-4 Pasteurella multocida normal flora of oral [Bailie et al 1978; Layton 1999] and nasal fluids of canines [Bailie et al 1978] *human pathogen; consider as probable bite wound contaminant [Bailie et al];

-Pasteurella canis most common isolate of dog bites (to humans) in one study [Talan et al 1999]

43-100% [Harvey and Emily p96]

-less significant as cause of oral disease in cats, than  a cause of abscessation, cellulitis in humans, other animals bitten by them [Harvey and Emily p96]

-Pasteurella multocida subspecies multocida and P. septica most common isolate from cat bites (to humans) in one study [Talan et al 1999]

Reimerella anatipestifer

-isolated from two cat bites [Talan et al 1999]

DOGS

Bacillus sp.

= aerobe

-healthy oral and nasal fluids [Bailie et al 1978]

Corynebacterium sp.

= aerobe

-healthy oral and nasal fluids [Bailie et al 1978]

Enterobacteria

= aerobe

-healthy oral and nasal fluids [Bailie et al 1978]

Moraxella sp.

= aerobe

-healthy oral and nasal fluids [Bailie et al 1978]

-common isolate @ dog bites to humans [Talan et al 1999]

Neiserria sp.

 = aerobe

-healthy oral and nasal fluids [Bailie et al 1978]

-common human pathogen @ dog bites [Talan et al 1999]

Streptoccoccus spp:

= aerobe

-dental plaque (S. sanguis, S. sobrinus, S. mitis are initial bacteria involved in formation of plaque)

-dental caries: Streptococcus sobrinus @ smooth tooth surfaces

Streptococcus mutans  @ crevices and small fissures [Saini et al 1999]

- group D streptococci @

healthy oral and nasal fluids [Bailie et al 1978]

-common isolates @ dog bites to humans [Talan et al 1999]

CATS only

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

-isolated from 2 cat bites [Talan et al 1999]