This information is from Pfizer Animal Health, a world leader in animal health care development, and was printed in the September, 1998 Issue of DVM Newsmagazine.

Does any of this sound familiar...?

These dogs are showing typical behaviors associated with a disorder called canine Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome, or CDS.  The following questions and answers will give you a brief introduction to the incidence, pathogenesis and diagnosis of CDS.

CDS is not "normal aging".  A number of pathophysiological changes are suspected to play a role in its development.   These include:
* deposition of amyloid plaques in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal part of the brain
* alterations in neurotransmitters, including dopamine
* increased levels of monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) in the brain
* increased levels of free radicals

The progressive, degenerative course of canine CDS involves a gradual decline of cognitive abilities sufficient to produce functional disability in the home and/or as a family member.

A 1998 market research study indicated that 48% of dogs 8 years of age and older exhibited at least one clinical sign associated with CDS.  Meanwhile, in an ongoing prevalence study being conducted at the University of California at Davis, 62% of 11 to 16 year old dogs scored positively for one or more behavioral categories indicative of CDS.

How is CDS Diagnosed ?

The first step in diagnosing CDS is recognition of signs, frequently observed first by the pet owner.  Next the veterinarian should conduct a thorough behavioral and medical history, followed by a complete physical and neurological examination.  These can be supplemented, as appropriate, with diagnostic laboratory tests to identify other unrelated medical conditions that may be contributing to clinical signs.

                  Signs of CDS              

Disorientation
Wanders aimlessly
Appears lost of confused in the yard or house
Gets "stuck" in corners or behind furniture
Stares into space or at walls
Has difficulty find the door
Does not recognize familiar people
Does not respond to verbal cues or name
Appears to forget reason for going outdoors

Abnormal Sleep/Wake Patterns
Sleeps more in a 24 hour day
Sleeps less during the night
Decrease in activity
Increase in wandering or pacing

Loss of Housetraining
Uninates/defecates indoors
Signals less to go outdoors